中国留学教育能否减少生源国人口贫困——基于“一带一路”沿线国家的实证研究

Whether or Not China’s International Education Can Reduce the Poverty of Source Countries——An Empirical Study Based on the Countries along the "Belt and Road"

减贫是全球实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标面临的重要挑战。以"一带一路"沿线46个国家为样本,把"一带一路"来华留学人才培养与缓解生源国贫困相联系,分析中国留学教育影响生源国贫困的内在逻辑机制。研究发现,发展中国留学教育可以通过促进人力资本积累、吸引外商投资以及技术溢出等渠道对生源国产生显著的减贫效应,来华留学生规模每增加1%,贫困人口比例将降低0.02,贫困差距将降低0.005;而且这种减贫效应在中低收入国家和贫富差距较小国家更为显著。有鉴于此,中国政府在制定相关优惠政策时,应更好地发挥"中国政府奖学金"等留学生优惠政策的精准性,推动中国留学教育合作项目的多元化发展,进一步优化中国高等学校人才培养模式,同时制定合理的留学生教育质量评价标准。

Poverty reduction remains an important challenge for the global realization of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals(2030).This study,based on the research samples from 46 countries along the"Belt and Road,"links the"Belt and Road"international students'study in China and poverty alleviation in their home countries,and analyzes the inherent logic between China's international education and the source countries'poverty reduction.The results show the following:The development of China's international education can significantly reduce the poverty of the source countries by promoting human capital accumulation,attracting foreign investments,and increasing technology spillovers;an increase of international students by 1%will decrease the poverty headcount ratio by 0.02 and the poverty gap by 0.005;and this effect is more significantly reflected in lower middle-income countries and countries with a small wealth gap.Therefore,the Chinese government is supposed to accurately implement preferential policies for foreign students,such as the"Chinese Government Scholarship,"promote the diversified development of China's cooperative programs in international education,optimize the talent-training models of Chinese universities,and formulate rational evaluation criteria for the educational quality of international students.