汉语特殊被动句的认知机制：明示活跃区特例

The cognitive basis for special passive constructions in Chinese: A special case of the explicit active zone

汉语特殊被动句的生成机制备受争议。运用认知语言学相关理论考察该句法范畴的研究结果表明:(1)它是自然凸显性和选择凸显性两种认知方式整合为一体的复杂认知构型;(2)其中的主语NP1和保留宾语NP2是参照点-活跃区关系;(3)由于汉语固有的语言规约性,"活跃区"NP2通过意会被重新分析获得宾语的语法地位,因此可视作活跃区的一种特例。

Much effort has been made in exploring the cognitive basis for special passive constructions in Chinese.Based on relevant claims of cognitive linguistics,we make another attempt at explaining the construction as a syntactic category.Our findings are as follows:(1)it is a complex cognitive configuration resulting from the cognitive integration where one thing is encoded holistically for its natural salience as the subject of the construction and at the same time a certain part of it is realized for selective salience as the object;(2)the subject and the object enter into a"reference point-active zone"relationship,characterized by R.W.Langacker as a ubiquitous semantic phenomenon;and(3)with a reanalysis process involved,the active zone in question assumes the grammatical status of direct object on the clause level entirely due to the inherent conventionality of the Chinese language.Therefore,the"explicit active zone"that has gained the grammatical status of a direct object should be considered a special case.