跨越市场转型的腐败陷阱:地区市场化与腐败的倒U型关系

Regional Marketization Degree and Corruption in China: An Inverted U-shaped Relationship

按照主流经济学的理论,市场经济会抑制政治腐败,但实证研究表明.转型国家和发展中国家的市场化却使腐败不断蔓延。由此引发了市场转型过程中一个极为重要的辩论一一市场化之于腐败是解药还是毒药?事实上二者的关系接近倒u型,随着市场的功能性制度和生成性制度不断完善、市场文化的扩散、私营企业主阶层的壮大.市场化会对腐败起到抑制作用。利用2008—2014年的《中国检察年鉴》等面板数据,以及2016年“第十二次全国私营企业抽样调查”数据对腐败进行客观和主观的测量,运用多层次回归模型和双向固定效应模型进行统计分析,结果均支持了倒U型的研究假设。基于本研究的发现,阶段性的腐败问题不应成为怀疑甚至反对经济体制改革的理由,坚持将改革推向深入,不断完善市场制度,必将产生积极的政治效果。

According to mainstream economic theories,market economy will reduce political corruption.However,numerous empirical studies found market—oriented reforms made corruption spread in some transition and developing countries.Facing such research differences,the authors address that the relationship between marketization and corruption can be expressed as inverted U—shape.With the reform deepening,corruption would be suppressed because of market's functional and generative rules,market culture and capitalists' growth.The inverted U—shaped relationship is well supported by statistical findings from Chinese Private Entrepreneur Survey(2016)and a panel data,calculated using multi—level regression model and two—way fixed effects model.This suggests that corruption should not be the reason to doubt and even oppose the economic reform.Continuously putting forward the reform and improving the market institutions would halt the momentum of extensive corruption.