影响与创造:新文化运动以来惠特曼《草叶集》在中国的译介

Influence and creation: The translation of Whitman’s Leaves of Grass in China after the New Culture Movement

沃尔特·惠特曼的自由体诗歌集《草叶集》的汉译活动与中国新文化运动不期而遇。一个世纪以来,惠特曼诗歌在中国的翻译从以民主自由等主题的诗歌选译逐渐转向全集翻译,其自由体诗歌精神在一些方面满足了新文化运动者反驳中国旧体诗传统,完成新诗革命的心理需求。本研究在考察《草叶集》在中国的传播与"偏移"基础上,论证惠特曼诗歌选译的变迁、翻译主体视域变化以及国际合作模式下惠特曼诗歌复译的必要性和价值,对于科学系统地认知惠特曼诗学精神,探索文学经典复译新模式,促进中外文化交流等有深刻意义。

The translation of Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass meets the start of the Chinese New Culture movement.For one century,Whitman’s poetry translation in China has shifted from the translation of some selected poems on democracy,freedom,etc.,into the whole translation.Whitman’s poetic spirit in his free verse satisfies the psychological needs of the New Culture movement revolutionists’abandoning the archaism Chinese poetry tradition and completing new poetry revolution somewhat.This study analyzes the history of the translation of Leaves of Grass in China,and probes the change of poem selection,translators’horizon,together with the necessity and value of retranslating Whitman in the situation of international cooperation.It shows great significance of studying Whitman’s poetics,exploring some new retranslation modes of literary classics and improving cultural communication.