考词的文体形态与功用

The Stylistic Forms and Functions of Kaoci

考词有三种文体形态:四字或八字短语、骈体和散体。其中宋代散体考词更符合考词的文体功用,在一定程度上展示了被考官员实绩。考词从语言特色到文体功用都发生了一系列变化:由魏晋南北朝的典雅隽永到唐代的重视用典、注重德行,到宋代的不事用典、重视才干,再到明清时期的用辞繁复、流于形式。不论从文学、文体还是史料价值角度看,考词都随着时代官吏制度及文风的变化而变化。

There are three stylistic forms:four-character or eight-character phrases,parallel style and prose style.Among them,the prose examination of Kaoci in the Song dynasty is more consistent with the stylistic function of Kaoci examination,which to some extent shows the actual achievements of officials being examined.A series of changes have taken place from the linguistic features to the stylistic functions of Kaoci:from the elegant and meaningful Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties to the emphasis on the use of Canon and virtue in the Tang Dynasty,to the neglect of the use of Canon and talent in the Song dynasty,to the complicated and formalistic use of Kaoci in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.From the perspective of literature,style and historical data value,the examination of Kaoci changed with the change of official system and literary style.