西洞庭湖区养殖鱼类皮、肉、骨中矿物质含量分析

Analysis of Mineral Contents in Skin,Meat and Bone of Cultured Fish in West Dongting Lake Area

为了解养殖鱼类鱼体矿物质沉积量与安全性,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)对西洞庭湖区养殖的草鱼、鲫、鳙、鳊、鲶及黄颡鱼等6种常规鱼类的皮、肉和骨中Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Cr、Pb、As、Cd等10种矿物质含量进行检测与分析。结果表明,被检鱼类不同组织的同种矿物元素及相同组织不同矿物质在含量上均存在较大差异。被检鱼类的肉粉及骨粉颜色差异较大,但颜色与组织矿物质含量之间暂无规律可循。被检鱼类的几种组织均以钙含量最高,但均未检出Cd。被检鱼类鱼皮与骨骼微量元素中均以锌含量最高,分别为10.34~19.04 mg/kg和45.03~167.87 mg/kg;肌肉则以铁含量最高,为25.00~79.64 mg/kg。被检鱼类的不同组织中仅鱼骨中铅含量超标,其余组织及重金属含量均低于标准限量值。西洞庭湖区的几种常规养殖鱼类的可食部分均很安全。鱼肉中钙、镁、锌、铁沉积较多;鱼皮中则锰、铜沉积较多;鱼骨对除铁、镉以外的其余矿物质沉积均较多。

To know the mineral content and safety of cultured fish, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was used to determine the Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, As and Cd in skin, meat and bone of cultured grass carp, crucian carp, bighead bran, bream, catfish and yellow catfish from West Dongting Lake area. The results showed that both the same mineral content in different tissues and the different minerals content in the same tissue of tested fish were quite different. The color of meat meal and bone meal of tested fish was quite different, but no relationship was found between the tissue color and mineral content. Highest Ca content but no Cd was showed in different tissues of tested fish. Among the microelements, both the skin and bone of tested fish had the highest zinc content, and they were 10.34-19.04 mg/kg and 45.03-167.87 mg/kg, respectively. The muscle had highest iron content, which was about 25.00-79.64 mg/kg. To all heavy metals in different tissues, only lead content in bone of all tested fish was over standard. All edible parts of tested fish from West Dongting Lake area are safe. More Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe are deposited in meat of fish. More Mn and Cu were deposited in skin of fish. Except to iron and cadmium, other minerals were concentrated in bone of fish.