川藏铁路拉萨至林芝段2012-2017年鼠疫监测结果分析

An analysis of plague surveillance data along the Lhasa-Nyingchi section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway from 2012 to 2017

目的调查分析2012-2017年川藏铁路拉萨至林芝段(拉林段)沿线鼠疫监测结果,为川藏铁路拉林段建设和运行通车安全提供鼠疫预防和控制对策及依据。方法按照《全国鼠疫监测方案》和《西藏自治区鼠疫监测方案》要求,对拉林铁路建设沿线开展鼠疫宿主动物、鼠疫血清学以及细菌学检测工作。结果 2012-2017年拉林段铁路建设沿线未发生人间鼠疫疫情,动物间鼠疫呈现持续流行态势,2012-2017年每年均有鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌)检出,共检出38株。川藏铁路建设拉林段沿线共调查鼠疫疫源地面积105 976 hm2,见獭3 075只,平均旱獭密度为0.029只/hm2;调查旱獭洞洞干蚤4 465个,获蚤35匹,蚤指数为0.008;检测病死旱獭材料605份,阳性38份,阳性率为6.281%;调查小型兽类累计布放28 807夹次,捕获136只,捕获率为0.472%;共梳检小型鼠类107只,获蚤14匹,蚤指数为0.131;检测血清样本6 848份,其中犬血清4 014份,阳性5份,阳性率为0.125%,检测藏系绵羊血清2 834份,结果均为阴性。结论川藏铁路拉林段建设沿线未发生人间鼠疫疫情,但动物间疫情活跃,沿线各单位应做好动物间鼠疫疫情监测。

Objective To investigate and analyze the plague surveillance data along the Lhasa-Nyingchi(LN) section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway in 2012-2017, and to provide plague control measures and related basis for the safety of construction and operation of the LN section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. Methods According to the requirements of National Plague Surveillance Program and Plague Surveillance Program of Tibet Autonomous Region, investigation of plague host animals and serological and bacteriological tests were carried out along the construction site of the LN Railway.Results No human plague was found along the construction site of the LN Railway from 2012 to 2017, but the plague among animals showed a continuous epidemic. Yersinia pestis was detected every year from 2012 to 2017, with a total of 38 strains found. A total of 105 976 hm^2 of plague foci were investigated along the LN section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway construction site, and 3 075 marmots were found with a mean density of 0.029 inds/hm^2;a total of 4 465 dry fleas from marmot burrows were investigated, and 35 were captured with a flea index of 0.008;a total of 605 dead marmot specimens were tested, and 38(6.281%) of them were positive;in order to investigate small mammals, 28 807 clips were laid, and 136 small mammals(0.472%) were captured;a total of 107 small rodents were combed, and 14 fleas were obtained with a flea index of 0.131;a total of 6 848 serum samples were tested, including 4 014 dog serum samples, of which 5(0.125%) were positive, as well as 2 834 Tibetan ovium serum samples, all of which were negative. Conclusion Although there was no human plague epidemic along the LN section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, the epidemic among animals was active. All units along the railway should do a good job in monitoring plague epidemic among animals.