民办学校退出与学生受教育权的保护——基于国家义务视角

Withdrawal of Non-governmental Education Institutions and Protection of Education Right: Based on the Perspective of State Obligation

受教育权是人权的重要组成部分,也是我国宪法赋予公民的一项基本权利。作为民办学校退出机制的核心问题之一,受教育权保护需从国家义务配置的视角加以审视,并从退出机制的整体框架中寻求解决之策。在国家义务配置方面,当前受教育权保护存在相关规定整体操作性不强、政府辅导与救助功能缺位以及司法救济途径相对有限等问题,成为制约受教育权有效保障的关键因素。为此,应完善现有法律法规,允许有条件地适用重整制度,在条件成熟时制定专门的民办学校变更退出实施细则;建立民办学校退出预警机制,完善政府对困难学校的辅导救助义务;建立健全受教育权相关救济机制。

The right to education is an important part of human rights and a basic right entrusted to citizens by our constitution. As one of the core problems of the withdrawal mechanism of non-governmental education institutions, the protection of the right to education needs be examined from the perspective of state obligation allocation and solutions be sought from the overall framework of the withdrawal mechanism. In state obligation allocation, there are some prominent problems in the protection of education right, such as relatively rough regulations and difficulty in implementing relevant laws and regulations, the absence of government counseling and relief functions, and the relatively narrow judicial relief channels, that have become the key factors restricting the effective protection of the right to education. To this end, the existing laws and regulations should be improved, the reorganization system should be allowed to be applied conditionally, and the special implementation rules for the change of non-governmental education institutions should be formulated when the conditions are favorable. It is necessary to establish a withdrawal warning system for non-governmental education institutions, improve the government’s obligation to provide counseling and assistance to institutions in difficulty, and establish and improve the relief mechanism related to education rights.