中国岩溶湿地生态水文过程研究进展

Review of Eco-hydrological Process in Karst Wetlands of China

岩溶湿地是广泛分布于岩溶地区的一种特殊的湿地类型。受特殊水文地质结构的控制,岩溶湿地生态系统的结构和功能与其他湿地类型有着显著差异。基于国内外湿地及岩溶湿地相关研究成果的基础上,阐述了我国西南岩溶湿地具有上下双层结构、封闭的储蓄水构造、快速的生态水文循环等特点,以及地表水-地下水转化、生态需水转化的规律和研究方法,分析了人类活动对岩溶湿地水量、水质以及生态系统演化的影响,并总结了岩溶湿地生态水文模型的研究现状及发展趋势。最后,针对目前岩溶湿地生态水文过程研究中存在的问题,提出在未来研究中应加强对岩溶湿地结构及生态水文循环过程的研究、查明人类活动对岩溶湿地产生的影响、构建生态水文耦合模型等建议。

Karst wetland is a special type of wetlands, widely distributed in karst areas. Controlled by the special hydrogeological structures, the structure and function of wetland ecosystems in karst areas are significantly different from those of other wetland types. Based on the summary of previous researches about wetlands and karst wetlands all around the world, this paper illustrates the characteristics of double-layer structure, closed water-storing structure, rapid eco-hydrological cycle in karst wetlands of Southwest China, and the law and research methods of surface water-groundwater conversion and ecological water conversion. Also, the paper analyses the influences of human activities on water quantity, water quality and ecosystem of karst wetland, and the developments of eco-hydrological models of karst wetland. Finally, in view of the existing problems in current researches of eco-hydrological process in karst wetlands, this paper suggests that the study on the structure of karst wetlands and the process of eco-hydrological cycle should be strengthened, the impact of human activities on karst wetland should be identified, and the eco-hydrological coupling model should be constructed in the future study.