清代呼和浩特土默特地区黄教寺庙建筑的历史变迁

Historical Changes of the Yellow Sect (Shamanism)Temple Architecture in the Tumd(Tumet)Area of Hohhot in the Qing Dynasty

土默特地区是黄教最早传入的地区,其政治中心呼和浩特也是漠南蒙古地区的宗教中心。由于黄教在蒙古人心中的重要地位及黄教上层对时局的政治贡献,在清政府的推动下,迎来了黄教的盛世。康雍乾时期,呼和浩特地区出现了寺庙新建、扩建和重修的高潮。嘉庆以后,随着国内外局势的变化,黄教走向衰落,寺庙建筑也日益破败。这一历史变化与清政府对蒙政策息息相关,同时,也有本地区的特殊原因。

The Tumd(Tumet) area is the earliest area of the Yellow Sect(Shamanism)spread. Its political center, Hohhot, is also the religious center of the Mongolian region of Monan. Due to the important position of the Yellow Sect(Shamanism)in the hearts of the Mongolians and the contribution of Tumd(Tumet)leaders to the politics of the current situation, the Tumd(Tumet)area ushered in the flourishing of the Yellow Sect(Shamanism)under the impetus of the Qing Dynasty government. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong, the climax of temple construction, expansion and reconstruction was observed in Hohhot. After the reign of Emperor Jiaqing, with the changes in the situation at home and abroad, the Yellow Sect(Shamanism) has declined and the temple architecture has become increasingly dilapidated. This historical change is closely related to the Qing Dynasty government’s policy toward Mongolia. Meanwhile, there are also special reasons for the Tumd(Tumet) area.