古希腊海军战舰的补给问题研究——以羊河战役为中心的考察

A Study of Supply of Ancient Greece Warships ——Focusing on the Battle of Aegospotami

公元前5世纪到前4世纪,在古希腊海军战斗中,三列桨战舰无疑是其中的主力。该型战舰拥有高航速和灵活机动的特点,但也存在内部空间狭小、战舰补给储量不足,且无法在舰上制作食物和休息的问题。战舰补给储备量有限,消耗巨大,船员需要及时休息以保持体力等因素使港口、城市和市场成为战舰补给活动的基础。围绕这些因素,古希腊海军的补给活动形成了一定的规律和相关的海军战术。透过三列桨战舰自身的结构特征分析该舰的一些补给特点,可以加深对古代海军战术、战略的进一步理解。

During the fifth and fourth centuries B.C., when majority of the most celebrated naval battles of ancient Greece were fought, the ship-of-the-line was the trireme. It was a battle ship with high speed and maneuverability. However, the scant storage space led to limited load of a minimal amount of provisions. The rowers could not sleep aboard, and doing any cooking was also out of the question. Considering the minimal amount of provisions, the high rate of consumption, and the crew’s need to rest in time to maintain their physical strength, ports, cities and markets(agora) became the basis of the supply activities. Centering around the factors, supporting activities of ancient Greece navy got into some regular pattern and corresponding naval tactics. This paper attempts to analyze the characteristics of the ship’s supply from structural feature of the trireme, which will further promote the understanding of ancient naval tactics and strategies.