建湖县学生近视及有关因素的调查分析

Investigation on myopia and its influencing factors of students in Jianhu County

目的了解建湖县学生视力状况及影响近视发生发展的有关因素,为今后保护学生视力提供可靠科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取县内不同五个方位的小学、初中各1所和城、乡高中各1所,对12所学校2 962名学生进行免费视力检测、屈光度列镜检查及影响近视发生发展有关因素的问卷调查。结果学生视力不良率和近视率分别为67.83%、58.24%;小学生、初中生及高中生视力不良率和近视率构成比差异显著(P<0.005);女生视力不良率和近视率高于男生,性别之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.005);且有50%~75%的近视学生与五项不良阅读习惯有关,有53.51%的近视学生与睡眠不足有关,其差异均有显著意义(P<0.005)。结论中小学生视力不良率与我县2010年学生视力不良率(57.12%)比较上升了10个百分点,且目前视力不良与近视构成以4.3以下和重度近视为多,其近视与遗传、用眼习惯、休息时间等有关。

Objective To understand the visual status of students in Jianhu County and the related factors influencing the development of myopia,so as to provide the reliable evidence for protecting the vision of the students in the future.Methods A total of 2 962 students from primary schools,junior high schools and senior high schools(five primary schools and five junior high schools in five different direction regions in the county,and one urban senior high school and one rural senior high school,all were 12 schools) were selected by the stratified cluster random sampling method,and they were examined for free visual acuity and diopter,and a questionnaire survey about the factors affecting the development of myopia was also performed.Results The total prevalence rates of poor vision and myopia were 67.83% and 58.24% respectively.There was a significant difference in poor vision and myopia rates among the primary school students,junior high school students and senior high school students(P<0.005).The prevalence rates of poor vision and myopia in the female students were higher than those in the male students(P<0.005).Fifty-seventy percent of myopic students were associated with five bad reading habits,and 53.51% of myopic students were associated with the lack of sleep.Conclusion The rate of poor vision of primary and secondary school students is increased by 10% compared with the rate of poor vision of students in the county in 2010(57.12%).In addition,at present,the poor vision and myopic are mainly below 4.3 in the eyesight test,which is related to heredity,bad habits with the eyes,insufficient rest period,and so on.