日本对非法传销的法律规制及启示

Japanese Legal Regulations on Illegal Pyramid Schemes and Its Enlightenment

目前我国涉及对非法传销的规定主要集中于《刑法》之组织、领导传销活动罪和国务院于2005年颁布的《禁止传销条例》。随着社会经济的高速发展,尤其是互联网技术的成熟与渗透,上述规定在打击非法传销时已显得捉襟见肘。邻国日本却早在上世纪70年代末制定出一部专门针对非法传销的法律《无限连锁会防止法》,短短七条简明扼要地对非法传销的定义、构成要件、有关罪名和处罚基准作出了规定,考虑全面、规定细致,可操作性强。此外,该法由日本议会制定,立法层级高,属于日本庞大的消费者保护法律体系的有机组成部分。我国应在借鉴吸收日本先进立法经验的基础上,结合本国非法传销的运行特征进一步完善非法传销的法律规范体系,为消费者权益提供切实有效的保护。

At present, China’s regulations on illegal pyramid schemes mainly focus on crimes of organizing and leading pyramid marketing activities in Criminal Law and Prohibition of pyramid schemes Ordinance promulgated by the State Council in 2005. With the rapid development of social economy, especially the maturity and penetration of Internet technology, the above provisions have appeared to be stretched in the fight against illegal pyramid schemes. In the late 1970 s, Japan, China’s neighboring country, enacted a law on illegal pyramid schemes whose name is Act on Prevention of Pyramid Schemes. The definition, constituent elements, relevant crimes and punishment standards of illegal pyramid schemes have been stipulated in just seven provisions succinctly. In addition, the law is enacted by the Japanese Parliament which has a high level of legislation and is an integral part of Japan’s vast consumer protection legal system. By learning from and absorbing Japan’s advanced legislative experience, China should take the operational characteristics of domestic illegal pyramid schemes into account to further improve the legal system of illegal pyramid schemes and provide effective protection for consumers’ rights and interests.