论交通事故中遗腹子的抚养费问题

On the Issue of Upbringing Cost of Posthumous Children in Traffic Accidents

随着我国机动车的增加,交通事故中遗腹子的抚养费问题日益突显,我国目前的法律就此问题未作明确规定,在司法实践中,各地法院的判决各异,在理论上也存在争议。遗腹子可分为胎儿状态以及出生状态两种基本形态,其中,胎儿的民事权利能力问题在学界也存在一定争议。根据生命法益说、人身权延伸保护说等理论,胎儿的抚养费应得到支持。出生后的遗腹子又要区分是否亲生、是否为活体、是否保持稳定的生命体征以及是否借助辅助生殖技术等不同情形,进而再作出是否支持其抚养费的判断,而根据不同的情形,原被告的举证责任又会有所不同。

With the increase of motor vehicles in China, the issue of raising fees of posthumous children in traffic accidents is increasingly prominent, China’s current laws do not make clear provisions on this issue;in judicial practice, the court’s decisions vary from place to place;in theory, there are also disputes, so it is necessary to discuss it. Posthumous children can be divided into two basic forms: fetal state and birth state. According to the theory of legal interests of life and the theory of extending protection of personal rights, the foetus’ maintenance fees should also be supported. After the birth, it should distinguish whether biological, whether living, whether to maintain the stability of the vital signs, and whether to use assisted reproductive technology and other different circumstances, and then make a judgment whether to support the raising fees of posthumous children. According to different circumstances, the burden of proof will be different for the plaintiff and defendant.