论《教师法》修订的基本立场和总体思路

On the Basic Position and General Thinking of the Revision of the Teachers’Law

修订《中华人民共和国教师法》,应当从立法重心、调控视角、规则设计、法律衔接等四个方面明确总体思路。首先,在立法重心上,应紧密围绕“保障教师权益”这一中心轴而展开,包括分类规定教师身份的法律定位;明确教师的知情权、法律救济权并新增兜底条款;健全教师申诉制度,确保教师权益受损后能够得到及时有效救济。其次,在调控视角上,应转变“为管理者立法”的思维定式,坚持“教师本位”的立场,既要在具体条款上注重教师权利和义务的对应性,也要在内部结构上整合考核、奖励、培养和培训等三章,体现教师发展的过程化与动态化,并提高第八章法律责任的针对性,强化法律体系的逻辑自洽性。再次,在规则设计上,应顺应社会新变化,体现新时代教育政策改革的新成果和教师队伍建设的新思想,不仅要在个别语句的表述上做到与时俱进,而且要从严格教师职业准入门槛、改革教师职级晋升体系、健全教师荣誉表彰制度、提高教师福利待遇标准等几个方面,营造尊师重教的社会风尚。最后,在法律衔接上,应明确《中华人民共和国宪法》作为《中华人民共和国教师法》制定的基础与依据,也要注意与《中华人民共和国义务教育法》《中华人民共和国高等教育法》等其他关联立法的有机衔接,既要在总则层面作整体性布置,更要在规则设计上保持一定的弹性,给低位阶的法律、法规和规章体系预留空间。

In terms of revising the Teachers’Law of the People’s Republic of China,the general thinking should be clarified from the four aspects:the focus of legislation,the perspective of regulation,the design of rules and the convergence of laws.First,in the focus of legislation,it should be closely centered on the central axis of“protecting teachers’rights and interests”,including classifying the legal positioning of teachers,clarifying teachers’right to know,legal remedies and adding miscellaneous provisions,improving the teacher appeal system to ensure that teachers’rights and interests can be promptly and effectively remedied.Secondly,from the perspective of regulation and control,the thinking pattern of“legislation for managers”should be changed,and the“teacher-centered”position should be adhered to;enough attention should be paid to the correspondence between teachers’rights and obligations in the specific terms,and the three chapters of assessment,reward,educating and training should be integrated in the internal structure to reflect the process and dynamic of teachers’development;the pertinence of legal liability in Chapter 8 should be improved,and the logical self-consistency of the legal system should be strengthened.Thirdly,the design of rules should be adapted to the new changes in society to reflect the new achievements of education policy reform in the new era and the new ideas on the construction of teaching staff,not only in the expression of individual sentences to keep pace with the times,but also in creating a social trend of respecting teachers and valuing education from the following aspects:formulating the strict entry threshold for teachers,reforming the teacher promotion system,perfecting the teacher honor system and improving teachers’welfare standards.Finally,in connection with the law,the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China should be clearly defined as the basis for the enactment of the Teachers’Law of the People’s Republic of China;attention should be also paid to the organic connection with the Compulsory Education Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Higher Education Law of the People’s Republic of China and other laws,which should be arranged as a whole at the level of general principles;it is also necessary to maintain a certain degree of flexibility in the design of rules to reserve the space for lower-level laws,regulations and rules.