《教师法》修订的核心问题:重新规定教师法律身份

The Core Issue of the Revision of the Teachers’Law:Redefining the Legal Status of Teachers

《中华人民共和国教师法》从法律层面规定了教师是“专业人员”的法律身份,但由此也派生或衍生出教师聘用、编制、职务、工资、权益等方面的管理难题。因此,重新规定教师法律身份是《中华人民共和国教师法》修订的逻辑起点和核心问题。而国家人事制度的相关规定是教师法律身份再确认的决定性因素。建议借鉴国际上对教师法律身份的规定,依据不同阶段学校教育承担国家责任的公务性强弱程度,重新规定不同类别教师的法律身份:基础教育阶段教师为“教育公务员”,公立高校教师为“专业人员”,民办学校与培训机构教师为“学校聘用人员”。

The Teachers’Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates legal status of teachers as“professionals”at the legal level,which has led to the policy management difficulties in the employment,establishment,position,salary,rights and interests of teachers.Therefore,redefining the legal status of teachers is the logical starting point and core issue of the revision of the Teachers’Law of the People’s Republic of China.And the relevant provisions of the national personnel system are the decisive factors for the reconfirmation of the legal status of teachers.It is recommended to draw on the international regulations on the legal status of teachers,and to redefine the legal status of different types of teachers based on the public responsibility of school education at different stages:elementary education teachers are“educational civil servants”,public university/college teachers are“professionals”,and teachers at private schools and training institutions are“school-hired staff”.