新中国70年基础教育教学改革政策的发展历程与未来展望

The Development Process and the Future Prospect of the 70-year’s Basic Education Reform Policies in New China

参照教学改革的实践进程,新中国70年基础教育教学改革政策的发展历程可以分为"一统模式、摸索前行""改革重建、吸收借鉴""立足问题、自主完善""实现转型、全面革新""加强创新、深化变革"五个阶段,并且总体上呈现如下特征:政策路径从自上而下走向上下并举,政策理念从知识本位走向能力导向,价值取向从社会人走向完整人,实施方式从试点试验走向全面推广,效果评价注重内部效益与外部效益相结合。在本质上,基础教育教学改革政策的历史流变标示着教学活动从注重办学效率转向追求育人质量。在以发展优质教育而提升育人质量为指向的新时代,中国基础教育教学改革政策的未来趋势需系统地制定教学改革的专门政策,着重教学改革政策的有效落实,实现教学改革的内涵式发展,从而持续有效地指导和影响教学实践。

With reference to the practice process of teaching reform,the development process of the 70-year basic education and teaching reform policy in New China can be divided into five stages—"the unified mode and groping forward","reform and reconstruction as well as absorption and reference","problem-based considerations and self-improvement","transformation and comprehensive innovation",and"strengthening innovation and deepening reform",which are characterized as follows:the policy starts with a top-down path and ends up moving both top-down and bottom-up,and its concept moves from the knowledge-based one to the capacity-oriented one,while the value orientation moves from the social person to the complete person,with the implementation mode changing from the pilot test to the comprehensive promotion,and the effect evaluation focuses on the combination of internal and external benefits.In essence,the historical evolution of the teaching reform policy on basic education in China indicates that teaching activities have changed from focusing on schooling efficiency to pursuing the quality of education.In the new era of developing high-quality education and improving the quality of education,the future trend of China’s basic education teaching reform policy needs to systematically formulate special policies for teaching reform,focus on the effective implementation of teaching reform policies,realize the connotative development of teaching reform so as to continuously and effectively guide and influence teaching practice.