论《道德形而上学原理》中的“善良意志”

On the “Good Will” in The Principles of Moral Metaphysics

在《道德形而上学原理》中,善良意志所指向的正是意志的准则与普遍规律的符合性。善良意志要求有理性的人在道德实践中使其意志在任何时候都不被感觉世界的原因所决定,从而达到完全由理性所决定的状态。对于现实中的人来说,需要考察责任概念来说明善良意志对人的要求。人的道德修养也就是一个使理性不断向着完全规定意志的方向、目标前进和实现的过程,也是一个不断使自身的不彻底善良的意志向着彻底善良的意志前进、接近、甚至成为彻底善良的意志的过程。

In The Principles of Moral Metaphysics,the good will highlights the conformity between the criterion of will and the universal law.The good will requires rational persons to make their will not determined by the causes of the perceptive world at any time in their moral practice,so as to achieve a state completely determined by reason.For people in reality,the concept of responsibility needs to be examined to illustrate the requirements of good will on people.The moral cultivation of human beings is also a process of making rationality move towards the direction,goal and realization of the completely prescribed will,as well as a process of constantly making their incomplete good will move towards,approach and even become the thorough good will.