中国古代农业技术对现代农业发展的启示

Ancient Chinese agricultural technology and its implications to the development of modern agriculture in China

中国古代农业技术是我国农业的关键组成部分,不仅是我国现代农业的源头所在,也是未来农业发展的重要参考。通过对汉代以来多部经典农书进行梳理,分析传统农业到现代农业发展的农业技术演进,阐明古代农业技术中的思想理念,探讨其对当代农业发展的启示意识。结果表明,我国农业大致可分为原始农业、传统农业和现代农业三个阶段。自汉代以来,从农田水利到畜禽养殖,在技术的发明和使用过程中,传统农业特别重视农业生产与自然要素相匹配,通过农业内循环方式促进农业再生产,同时也注重精耕细作与农技改良的统一。总体而言,当前绿色农业、循环农业、集约农业等现代农业发展理念与中国古代农业技术蕴含的农业实践智慧一脉相承,这些典籍为当前农业发展提供了理论指导和技术参考。古代农业技术中蕴含着生态平衡、绿色循环、实用主义等多重理念均启示现代农业应在尊重传统农业自然属性的基础上,综合考量其社会属性和工业属性,规避现代农业发展的种种风险,进而推动农业的可持续发展。

Agricultural technology in ancient China is a key component of China’s agriculture. It is not only the source of modern agriculture in China, but also an important reference for future agricultural development. Through sorting out many classical agricultural books since the Han Dynasty, this paper analyzes the evolution of agricultural technology from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, expounds the ideas of ancient agricultural technology, and discusses the implications to China’s contemporary agricultural development. Results show that China’s agriculture can be roughly divided into three stages: primitive agriculture, traditional agriculture and modern agriculture. Since the Han Dynasty, in the field of agriculture, irrigation and aquaculture, the ancient agriculture specially emphasizes that the matching of agricultural production with natural factors, and agricultural reproduction is promoted through agricultural internal circulation in the process of invention and use of technology, and at the same time paying attention to the integration of intensive farming and fine farming with agrotechnical improvement. Generally speaking, modern agricultural development concepts, such as green agriculture, circular agriculture and intensive agriculture, are in line with the wisdom of agricultural practice embodied in ancient Chinese agricultural technology. These classics provide theoretical guidance and technical reference for current agricultural development. The multiple concepts of ecological balance, green cycle and pragmatism in ancient agricultural technology all enlightened that modern agriculture should comprehensively consider its social and industrial attributes on the basis of respecting the natural attributes of traditional agriculture, avoid various risks of modern agricultural development, and then promote the sustainable development of agriculture.