农地确权如何影响农地利用方式?

How does farmland registration and certification affect farmland use?

农地利用方式的转变将对农地资源配置的优化、农业产业的可持续发展和新时代乡村振兴战略的推进产生重要影响。基于农地确权政策实施的背景,以广东省阳山县和新丰县的问卷调研数据为例,将农地利用方式细分为农地耕种方式和耕种作物品种选择两个方面,在采用基准OLS回归分析后,运用倾向得分匹配(PSM)模型进行稳健性检验,实证分析农地确权对农地利用方式的影响。结果表明,样本的农地自耕率、出租率和抛荒率分别为69%、8%和23%,经济作物和粮食作物种植面积的占比分别为36%和64%,农地利用方式以农户自耕粮食作物为主。农地确权对农地出租有一定的抑制作用,对农户选择种植粮食作物具有积极影响。可见,应充分认识农地所具有的禀赋效应和保障功能,并提高农地的可交易性,加强农地流转市场建设。同时,需避免村庄频繁进行农地调整,增强农户对农地产权制度的稳定性预期,以保证农业可持续发展和农地确权政策效应的有效发挥。

The transformation of farmland use mode will have an important impact on the optimization of farmland resource allocation, the sustainable development of agricultural industry, and the promotion of the rural revitalization strategy in the new era. Based on a survey data of Yangshan County and Xinfeng County of Guangdong Province and applying the propensity score matching(PSM)model for the robustness test after the OLS regression analysis, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of farmland registration and Certification on famland use. Results show that the farmland self-cultivation rate, occupancy rate, and abandonment rate of the samples are about 69%, 8%, and 23%, respectively. In addition, the proportion of economic crops and food crops are 36% and 64%, respectively. The use of farmland is mainly based on farmers’ self-cultivation of food crops. The confirmation of farmland has a certain inhibitory effect on the rental of farmland, and it has a positive impact on farmers’ choice to grow food crops. Based on the findings of this research, this paper suggests: 1)to fully recognize the endowment effect and security function of farmland, to improve the tradability of farmland, and to strengthen the establishment of the farmland circulation market;2)to avoid frequent adjustment of farmland in villages;and 3)to enhance the expectation of farmers’ stability on the property right system of farmland to ensure the effective development of agricultural sustainable development and farmland policy.