运动激活AMPK改善非酒精性脂肪肝的研究进展

The Research Progress of Exercise Improving Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Activating AMPK

非酒精性脂肪肝(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是一种全球常见的慢性肝脏疾病,其发病机制非常复杂,主要病理表现为甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)在肝细胞中过量聚集,引起肝脂肪变性和炎症。运动通过增加机体的能量消耗,促进脂肪分解,减轻肝脂肪变性,是逆转NAFLD的有效途径,但其改善NAFLD的分子机制仍在不断研究。腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)是机体中重要的能量敏感性蛋白激酶,其活性受AMP/ATP比值的调节,通过使底物磷酸化调控机体能量代谢。运动通过增加ATP的消耗,升高AMP/ATP的比值,提高AMPK的活性。运动激活的AMPK通过多条途径抑制肝脏脂肪合成,促进肝脏脂肪酸氧化,维持脂肪组织线粒体功能,减少脂肪酸向外周及肝脏组织转移,降低肝脏中TG的聚集,活化的AMPK在运动改善和逆转NAFLD中发挥重要作用。

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a kind of common chronic liver disease globally.The pathogenesis of NAFLD is very complex,and the main pathological manifestation is excessive accumulation of triglyceride(TG)in hepatocytes,which resulting in hepatic steatosis and inflammation.Exercise is an effective way to improve NAFLD by increasing energy expenditure,promoting lipolysis,and reducing liver steatosis.However,the molecular mechanisms of exercise intervention improving NAFLD remain unclear.The AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),which is regulated by AMP/ATP ratio,is an important energy-sensitive protein kinase in the body,it can regulate energy metabolism by phosphorylating the substrates.The AMPK can be activated by exercise,because exercise can increase the ATP consumption and the AMP/ATP ratio.Exercise-activated AMPK plays an important role in improving and reversing NAFLD,such as inhibiting liver fat synthesis,promoting liver fatty acid oxidation,maintaining mitochondrial function in adipose tissue,and reducing the transfer of fatty acid to peripheral and liver tissues and thus reduce the accumulation of TG in liver.In order to provide some theoretical evidences for the application of exercise intervention in NAFLD,this article summarized the molecular mechanisms of exercise-activated AMPK in regulating the lipid metabolism.