环境约束下优化海岛管理制度探讨

Discussion of island management system under environmental constraints

我国对海岛管理的研究主要集中在海岛管理立法研究、海岛开发利用研究与海岛生态保护研究3个层面。鉴于我国目前的海岛管理制度在法律、社会、经济和生态等多方面环境约束下存在一系列的问题,诸如法律法规的不完善、海岛居民异地搬迁管理制度不完善、无居民海岛的个人特许经营制度效用低下、海岛生态系统保护管理执法力度欠缺,综合现代社会发展前沿趋势,针对不同的环境约束提出优化我国海岛管理制度的建议和对策,包括完善海岛立法体系、完善岛民外迁政策、创新经济机制与加强过程监管并举等。海岛巨大的军事、生态、经济和科研价值使得对海岛管理制度的研究意义深远,为我国海岛的可持续发展提供更多动力。

In this paper,we summarize existing research on marine management in China,including the legal man-agement of islands,island development and utilization frameworks,and the systems for protecting and managing island ecosystems.There are currently a range of problems and environmental constraints,including imperfect laws and regulations,inadequate relocation plans and strategies for island residents,poor systems for managing individ-ual franchises on uninhabited islands,and lack of law enforcement for the protection and management of island ecosystems.To solve these problems,based on the latest trends in marine management,we make suggestions and propose measures for optimizing the island management systems in China,including improvements in island legal systems and policies regarding the migration of islanders and innovative economic mechanisms and supervisory processes.The great military,ecological,economic,and scientific value of islands makes the study of island man-agement systems critical and recognition of their multi-faceted value provides impetus for the sustainable develop-ment of China’s islands.