“兴”:美学意蕴的多重呈现

“Affective Image”: the Multiple Faces of Aesthetic Connotation

"赋""比""兴"是对中国古代诗歌酝酿诗情、文本创作、审美接受的特征的总结。在这三者之中,"兴"意蕴丰富,最能体现以抒情为特征的中国古代诗歌所具有的情景交融、含蓄隽永的美学特征。"兴"义,一方面历来夹缠,甚至有愈辨难明之势;另一方面自先秦以来,历代诗论家皆谈"兴",释兴,从而不断丰富、发展了"兴"的美学意蕴。本文对中国古典美学的核心范畴"兴"的美学意蕴进行了分析,认为"兴"把天人感应、融情于景、观物取象等思维方式融入艺术创作与欣赏的过程中,涵盖了由"物"及"情"成"诗"及文本接受的整个过程,表现为:触物之兴、创作之兴和审美之兴;形成了由"触物起情、乘兴而作、意余言外"构成的多重美学界面。这三个界面将中国美学与文艺创作中的物与我、情与景、言和意、意与象等根本问题融会贯通,构成了中国美学关于文艺创作与欣赏的特殊范畴。"兴"是一个具有丰富内涵的概念,将在"过去"与现在的对话中不断丰富其内涵。

There are three concepts that Summarize the characteristics of preparing for poetizing,composing the work,and aesthetic reception in Chinese ancient poetry.They are“exposition(Fu)”,“comparison(Bi)”and“affective image(Xing)”.Comparing with the first two of the concepts,“affective image”best manifests the aesthetic characteristics of the feeling-setting fusion and implicitly meaningfulness of classical culture which is represented by the lyric works.However,“affective image”has never been defined clearly,so much that with more analyses,comes more ambiguities.Since the pre-Qin period,poetry theorists and aestheticians all talked about“affective image”and explained it,thus continuously enriching and developing the aesthetic connotation of this concept.This paper analyses the aesthetic connotation of“affective image”,the key content of traditional Chinese aesthetics,and concludes that while using thinking modes of heaven-human induction,feeling-setting fusion and watching for images for creating and appreciating art works,“affective image”covers the whole process of perceiving objects,generating feeling,achieving poetry and work reception.The modes of“affective image”can be categorized as three kinds:affective image of perception,affective image of creation and affective image of appreciation.Therefore,“affective image”contains a multiplied aesthetic physiognomy,which is composed by generating feeling from perception,creating on an impulse and expressing beyond words.These faces of“affective image”integrate the fundamental issues of Chinese aesthetics and art creation,such as objects and I,feelings and settings,words and meanings,meanings and images.In this way,the“affective image”can be considered as a special category in Chinese aesthetics which summarizes theories about art creation and appreciation.The“affective image”contains rich contents,which will be even richer after the discourse between“the past”and the present.