基于热平衡的齿轮减速器箱体内腔结构设计研究

Research on Box Structure Design of Gear Reducer based on Thermal Balance

齿轮减速器在工作过程中由于齿面接触摩擦和轴承滚动摩擦,传递的部分功率转化为热能,使齿轮和轴承局部温度升高。为使齿轮减速器在工作过程中工作部件处在正常的温度范围内,需要添加润滑油对工作部位进行润滑和散热,起到保护齿轮减速器和延长减速器使用寿命的作用。同时,润滑油在带走工作部位热量的过程中自身温度升高。针对齿轮减速器长时运行润滑油温升高,严重影响减速箱的传动效率和使用寿命的现象。为避免这种现象,需要计算润滑油的用量并控制其温度。基于热平衡对齿轮减速器的传热进行了分析,计算润滑油用量,建立了齿轮减速箱内腔尺寸的计算方程。通过工程实例应用详细计算了齿轮减速器的尺寸,为减速器的内腔设计提供了参考。

During the working process of the gear reducer,due to the contact friction between the tooth surface and the rolling friction of the bearing,part of the transmitted power is converted into heat energy,which causes the local temperature of the gear and the bearing to rise.In order to make the working parts of the gear reducer in the normal temperature range during operation,it is necessary to add lubricating oil to lubricate and dissipate the working part,thereby protecting the gear reducer and prolonging the service life of the reducer.At the same time,the lubricating oil itself increases in temperature during the process of taking away the heat of the working part.The temperature of the lubricating oil of the gear reducer rises at the long-term operation of the gear reducer,which seriously affects the transmission efficiency and service life of the reduction gearbox.To avoid this,it is needed to calculate the amount of lubricant and control its temperature.The heat transfer of the gear reducer is analyzed based on the heat balance,and the calculation equation of the inner cavity size of the gear reducer is established.The size of the gear reducer is calculated in detail for an engineering example,which provides a reference for the design of the internal cavity of the reducer.