天津新式里弄住宅节能改造策略研究

Research on Energy-Saving Renovation Strategy of Tianjin New-Style Lilong residential building

居住类历史建筑是城市既有建筑的重要组成部分,承载城市发展历史,体现生活形态演变,具有不同程度的历史文化价值。在既有建筑的节能减排和发展低碳城市的大背景下,对保留下来的居住类历史建筑进行节能改造显得十分迫切,与风貌保护同等重要。新式里弄住宅是近代天津住宅类型之一,具有鲜明的时代特征和深厚的文化印记,是历史文化名城的重要构成要素,具有保留价值。天津新式里弄住宅的节能改造,需要平衡建筑空间的节能效益与建筑风貌的保护留存。文章选取天津4处具有代表性的新式里弄住宅,考察其围护结构和平面布局的现状,确立保护性、适应性、高效性和系统性等改造原则,借助软件Design builder,以围护结构和平面布局为自变量,模拟不同节能改造措施的节能效益,并分析各类现有技术适应性。以保护为前提探讨居住类历史建筑的节能改造策略,对相关类似历史建筑的保护与利用具有一定的参考价值。

As an important part of the existing buildings in cities,residential historical buildings carry the history of urban development and reflect the evolution of living forms,possess varying degrees of historical and cultural value.Under the background of energy-saving and emission reduction of existing buildings as well as the development of low-carbon cities,it is highly urgent to carry out energy-saving renovation of the residential historical buildings,which is as essential as the protection of the landscape.The new-style Lilong is one of the modern residential types in Tianjin.With distinctive characteristics of the times and a profound cultural imprint,it is an indispensable component of historical and cultural cities,which calls for the precise conservation.The energy-saving renovation of Tianjin's new-style Lilong residential buildings needs to balance the energy-saving benefits of building space and the protection of building style.This paper selected four representative new-style Lilong buildings in Tianjin,investigated the status quo of the envelope structure and layout,established the principles of protection,adaptability,efficiency and system,and simulated the energy-saving benefits through the software Design-builder and analyzed the adaptability of various existing technologies,using the materials of enclosure structure and plane layout as independent variable.This paper discussed the energy-saving transformation strategies of residential historical buildings on the premise of protection.It would have a certain reference value for the protection and utilization of related historical buildings.