日本古代军记物语中的汉籍因素研究

A Study of the Chinese Contents in Japanese Ancient Gunki Monogatari

日本古代军记物语具有浓厚的"史论"特色,其立论依据主要是《尚书》《史记》《帝范》《白氏文集》等类汉籍,从语言、意象、主题等角度皆可看到汉籍的影响。这些影响从形式上表现为对源自汉籍的故事、诗文、人名、地名、典故等的引用及改变。这些内容有的是直接译自汉籍,有的则是引自日本古人对汉籍的阐释性著述,如《和汉朗咏注》《唐物语》等。军记创作者将这些汉籍因素分解后融入主线故事叙述中,以阐述"天下兴亡之理""大义名分之论""忠君爱民之道"等主题思想。汉籍因素极大地丰富了军记物语的思想内涵,也在特殊的文化语境下发生了变异。

Ancient Japanese Gunki Monogatari have a strong feature of"Historical Comments",and their arguments are mainly based on Shangshu,Shiji,Difan,Bai Shi Wenji and other Chinese classics.The influence of Chinese classics can be seen from the aspects of language,image and theme.These influences are formally manifested in the quotation and change of stories,poems,names,and allusions originating from Chinese classics.Some of these contents are directly translated from Chinese classics,others are quoted from the explanatory writings,such as"Wakan Roueisyu"and"Kara Monogatari".The creators of Gunki Monogatari decompose these factors of Chinese classics into the main story narrative to elaborate the principles of"the rise and fall of the world","the theory of righteousness and fame","loyalty to the emperor and love the people"and so on.The factors of Chinese classics have greatly enriched the ideological connotation of Gunki Monogatari,but also changed in the special cultural context.