PPP视角下的投资与成本控制

Investment and cost control from PPP perspective

政府和社会资本合作(PPP)模式近年来在我国迅速推广,针对含有工程建设内容的PPP项目,从PPP模式的视角对投资与成本控制进行深入研究。文章首先论证物有所值定量评价对PPP项目成本控制的必要性,PPP模式相对于传统投资模式可充分发挥参与各方的成本控制优势并产生全生命周期协同效应;其次分析不同付费原理下PPP参与各方的投资与成本控制责任,以项目全生命周期成本为研究对象,系统分析固定资产项目投资全部组成要素的控制要点。通过设计有效的激励约束机制,在充分的风险评估基础上建立合理的风险分担机制,可有效调动社会资本方投资与成本控制的主动性和积极性。以公共选择理论为基础,通过公开竞争性方式将可用性绩效付费和运维绩效付费确定在一个合理区间内,并鼓励社会资本方通过采用新技术、改善管理、提升效率等以增加项目收益,有利于降低PPP项目的全生命周期成本和政府支出责任。招标采购是运用市场竞争手段形成价格的一个重要的机制,也是实现公共资源配置的重要渠道。

Public-private partnership(PPP) model has been rapidly promoted in China in recent years. The investment and cost control are studied in depth from the perspective of PPP model in view of PPP projects containing engineering construction contents. Firstly, the necessity of value for money quantitative evaluation for the cost control of PPP projects is demonstrated in the paper. PPP model can give full play to the cost control advantages of all involved parties, and the synergistic effect of the whole life cycle is produced compared with the traditional investment model. Secondly, the investment and cost control responsibilities of PPP participants under different payment principles are analyzed, the full life cycle cost of the project is taken as the research object to systematically analyze the control points of all components of fixed asset project investment. The initiative and enthusiasm of social capital investors in investment and cost control can be effectively mobilized by designing effective incentive and restraint mechanism and establishing reasonable risk sharing mechanism on the basis of sufficient risk assessment. Available performance payment and operational performance payment are determined in a reasonable range on the basis of public choice theory. Social capital parties are encouraged to increase project benefits through adopting new technology, improving management, enhancing efficiency, etc., which is beneficial for lowering the total life cycle cost of the PPP project and the responsibility of government spending. Bidding procurement is an important mechanism to form prices by means of market competition. It is an important channel to realize the allocation of public resources.