远距诗学:21世纪比较文学的友爱政治学

Teleopoiesis:the Politics of Friendship as a Function of Comparative Literature in the New Era

德里达提出重返亚里士多德的"友爱政治"伦理。他自创"远距诗学"一词,其意涵与比较文学的实质性文化功能及文学的未来愿景相契合。德里达的"远距诗学"继承了亚里士多德"友爱政治学"中的知识与伦理的内在统一性传统。这一传统为探讨21世纪全球化背景下,比较文学的学科性质及发展方向提供了有力的理论依据。以"友爱共同体"为基本出发点,以"远距诗学"为发展方向,比较文学或可破除文化身份的本质主义,组成一个比较文学家的"共同体",构建出一种文学意义上的"总体的他者",重新发挥比较文学的文化启蒙工具作用。比较文学学科自身的稳定性与合法性等疑虑,亦可在"远距诗学"和"友爱政治"的背景中得以澄清。

In the face of the pluralistic crisis of post-modern culture in the 20th century,Derrida proposed returning to Aristotle’s "fraternity politics" ethics.He coined the word "teleopoiesis",whose meaning coincides with the substantive cultural function of comparative literature and the future vision of literature.Derrida’s teleopoiesis inherits the tradition of inherent unity of knowledge and ethics in Aristotle’s "fraternity politics".This tradition provides a powerful theoretical basis for discussing the disciplinary nature and development direction of comparative literature in the context of globalization in the 21st century.Taking the "friendly community" as the basic starting point and "teleopoiesis" as the development direction,comparative literature may break the essentialism of cultural identity to form a "community" of comparative writers,thus comparative literature will construct a kind of "general others" in the literary sense,and give its full play to the cultural enlightenment.The doubts about the stability and legitimacy of comparative literature can also be clarified in the background of "teleopoiesis" and "fraternity politics".