1964年—2016年湖南省日照时空变化特征分析

Analysis of Characteristics of Time and Space Change in Sunshine in Hunan from 1964 to 2016

基于湖南省88个地面气象站高度数据、1964年—2016年日照数据,采用气候倾向率、点聚图和Kriging空间插值计算等方法,分析了湖南多时间尺度的日照变化规律和空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)近53a湖南年、春、夏、秋、冬四季日照时数分别为1478.6 h、300.1 h、571.9 h、387.9 h、219.2 h。日照空间变化春季北多南少,其它时段为东多西少;(2)湖南省日照呈减少变化。近53a年、四季日照时数累计减少196.0 h、4.3 h、112.7 h、58.3 h、25.6 h,益阳—湘乡—衡阳县—蓝山有一条日照减少显著带;(3)年、夏、秋季日照在1997、1998、2011年发生突变,突变前后日照差为121.5 h、61.3 h、58.7 h,春、冬季无突变;(4)日照异常偏多时段在1970年(46.5%),1990年代未出现,异常偏少时段主要在2010年代(74.9%),1960年代未出现。

Based on the height data of 88 meteorological stations and sunshine duration from 1964 to 2016 in Hunan,the sunshine duration’s variation law and spatial distribution characteristics in multi-time scale of Hunan were analyzed by means of climatic tendency rate,scatter diagram and Kriging spatial interpolation calculation in this paper.Then we obtained the following results:(1)In recent 53 years,the sunshine duration of year,spring,summer,autumn and winter in Hunan were 1478.6 h,300.1 h,571.9 h,387.9 h and 219.2 h respectively.The spatial variation of sunshine duration in spring was more in the north and less in the south,while the others were more in the East and less in the west;(2)Sunshine duration was decreased in Hunan,and the cumulative decrease of sunshine duration of year,spring,summer,autumn and winter were 196.0 h,4.3 h,112.7 h,58.3 h and 25.6 h in the past 53 years.What’s more,there was a marked reduction zone of sunshine duration in Yiyang-Xiangxiang-Hengyang-Lanshan;(3)The sunshine duration of year,summer and autumn mutated in 1997,1998 and 2011,and their differences before and after mutation were 121.5 h,61.3 h and 58.7 h respectively.There was no mutation in spring and winter;(4)There were more abnormal sunshine duration in the 1970s(46.5%)but no abnormity in the 1990s.And there were less abnormal sunshine duration in the 2010s(74.9%)but no abnormity in the 1960s.