结构规约与认知调适——关于汉语外来词出现与发展机制的统一性解释

Structuring Convention and Cognition Adjustment

以结构主义、认知—心理为基础,结合社会—语用考察,对外来词出现与发展机制作出统一性解释。外来词的出现受认知—心理机制中对称象似动因制约;字母词之外的多种形式的外来词具有中间语性质,它们是意象形成的产物;字母词的出现,反映了借入语词语向借出语原型的靠拢;外来词的演化受认知—心理的激活、阻断和范畴化控制。外来词出现与发展背后的认知—心理机制是按照语言发展观对外来词进行动态规范的有益支撑。

Based on structural linguistics analysis and cognitive psychological process of language use,the paper presents a unified explanation of the emergence and development of loanwords in Chinese.The emergence of loanwords is restricted by the symmetrical iconicity motivationmechanism.While the influence of the original words from the loaned language are more often reflected in alphabetic loanwords,other types of loanwords are mostly result in image formation,with characteristics of inter-language.The development of loanwords is restricted by the cognitive psychological process of activation,blocking effect and categorization.Cognitive psychological process is the significant supporting factor accompanied by the emergence and dynamic normalization of loanwords.