实用理性与华夏中心主义自我认同——浅谈梁启超早期文化观及背后心态

Practical Rationality and Self-identification of Cathaysian Centralism——On Liang Qichao’s Early Cultural View and His Underlying Mentality

甲午战争以后,中国面对政治上亡国灭种、文化上西潮入侵的双重危机,梁启超作为同时具有深厚传统儒家文化积淀和先进西方思想的近代早期知识分子,在这一时期展现出两种不同的文化倾向:一种是实用功利主义指导下理性地取用中西文化,以通过改良达到"救亡图存"的目的;另一种是华夏中心主义传统影响下的具有非理性特点的比附、歪曲西方文明,拔高中华文明的倾向,这与他本人的文化认同感、尊严感有着密切联系。

After the first sino-Japanese war, China faced the double crises of political subjugation and cultural invasion. As an early modern intellectual with profound traditional Confucian culture and advanced western thoughts, Liang Qichao showed two different cultural tendencies during this period: one is the rational use of Chinese and western cultures under the guidance of utilitarianism, so as to achieve the goal of "saving the nation and saving its existence" through improvement;the other is the tendency of comparing and distorting western civilization and elevating Chinese civilization under the influence of Cathaysian centralism, which is closely related to his own cultural identity and sense of dignity.