生态正义概念考辨

A Textual Research on the Concept of Ecological Justice

界定生态正义是研究生态正义的元问题,考究的理论价值和现实意义不言而喻。基于不同学科背景和立场观点会有不同的生态正义解读和界定形式。生态伦理学把生态正义理解为道德规范,环境正义论者把生态正义界定为分配正义,以奥康纳和科威尔为代表的生态社会主义把生态正义理解为生产性正义,上述三种生态正义理解形式有其合理性也不可避免地带有局限性。通过对生态正义概念的考辨可以发现生态正义具有属人性,只会存在于人与人的社会关系之中,属于社会正义范畴,根本上是生产关系正义。

Defining ecological justice is a meta-problem in the study of ecological justice,with self-evident theoretical value and practical significance.There will be different forms of interpretation and definition of ecological justice under different disciplinary backgrounds.For instance,ecological justice is interpreted as moral norm in ecological ethics;environmental justice theorists define it as distribution justice,while ecological socialism represented by O’Connor and Joel Kovel interprets it as productive justice.The above three interpretation forms of ecological justice have their rationality as well as inevitable limitations.Through the textual research on the concept of ecological justice,the author insists that ecological justice belongs to human nature and only exists in the social relations among people.As one category of social justice,it is fundamentally the justice of production relations.