《国家安全法》中的“国家安全”概念

The Concept of "National Security" in the National Security Law

现代"国家安全"概念由美国李普曼于1943年提出,后来不断被修正。我国《无线电器材管理条例》(1955)最早出现国家安全概念,1982年《宪法》对国家安全有明确规定。2014年习近平总书记提出"总体国家安全观"重要思想,丰富了国家安全概念的内涵和外延,细化了国家安全领域。2015年新《国家安全法》确立了总体国家安全观的立法指导思想,兼采"状态说"和"能力说"。在法律层面认知国家安全概念,需要整体理解人民安全、政治安全、经济安全、军事安全、社会安全、文化安全、国际安全等任务,高度重视非传统安全,厘清维护国家安全的职责、保障体系以及公民、组织的义务权利。

The modern concept of"national security"was put forward by American Lippmann in 1943,and has been constantly revised.It first appeared in the Regulations on the Administration of Radio Equipment(1955),and the 1982 Constitution clearly stipulated the connotation of national security.In 2014,General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the important thought of"the overall concept of national security",which enriched its connotation and extension and refined its field.The 2015 National Security Law establishes the legislation guidance of the overall concept of national security by adopting both"state theory"and"capacity theory".On legal level,it requires aholistic understanding of the missions in the field of people,politics,economy,military,society,culture and international security.Chinese government attaches great importance to non-traditional security,aiming at clarifying responsibilities of national security,safeguarding systems,and ensuring obligationsand rights of citizens and organizations.