构成要件行为·形式违法类型说之提倡——基于中国刑法的探讨

Initiative: Constitutive Requirements in the Theory of Behavior and Form Illegality Type——Based on the Criminal Law

构成要件行为类型说、违法类型说、违法·有责类型说都存在不足。行为·形式违法类型说认为,构成要件是决定违反刑法(即违反刑法禁令或命令)的行为类型之所以为该行为类型的事实特征组成的有机整体;承认主观的构成要件要素和规范的构成要件要素;自然行为(裸的行为,未经刑法评价的行为)符合某个具体犯罪的构成要件,确定该自然行为属于该种行为类型,推定该行为具有形式违法;成立形式违法排除事由时,推翻之前的推定,确定该行为不具有形式违法;不成立形式违法排除事由时,确定该自然行为具有形式违法。行为·形式违法类型说继承了之前学说的合理成分,弥补了之前学说存在的不足;所提供的构成要件的精确定义决定了其精确性。

There are deficiencies of constitutive requirements theory of behavior type,illegal type and illegal and culpability type.The theory of behavior and form illegality type holds that constitutive requirements is an organic unity in which the elements determines whether a behavior type exists or not;and it argues that constitutive requirements contains subjective and normative elements.When the natural behavior is in accordance with constitutive requirements,it can be admitted as a certain behavior type and predicted the form illegality.If excluded reasons of form illegality are settled,the prediction can be overturned that the natural behavior is not the form illegality.If unsettled,it belongs to the form illegality.Theory of behavior and form illegality type inherits the rational components of the previous doctrine and makes up for their shortcomings.The accurate definition of constitutive requirements determines its precise function.