魏晋时期关中地区的移民

The Emigrants and Immigrants of Guanzhong Area in Wei and Jin Dynasties

魏晋时期,以长安为中心的关中地区移民分外迁与内迁两种。外迁移民类型主要有躲避战乱、灾害型和政府强制型。外迁关中移民结局大多悲惨,或被杀、被掠,鲜有光鲜于世者。关中移民内迁亦有两种类型:一是统治者为充实长安,维持政权与发展经济而进行掠夺性移民;二是周边地区人口主动迁至关中。内迁移民从不同方向而来,具有多方向性、民族复杂性、多元性的特点。内迁移民对关中的政治、经济、文化事业的恢复与发展起到了积极作用。

In the period of Wei and Jin Dynasties,there were internal and external migrants in Guanzhong area with Chang’an as the center. The external migrants were either to avoid wars,and disasters or were forced by government. Most of them ended up miserably by being killed or pillaged,and seldom survived. There were two types of internal migration in Guanzhong area: one was that the ruler preyed people from other areas in order to enrich,to maintain political power and to develop the economy of Chang’an area;the other was people from the surrounding areas moved into Guanzhong out of their own willingness. Internal migrants came from different directions,so they had the characteristics of multi-directionality,ethnic complexity and pluralism. Undoubtedly,they played a positive role in the restoration and development of Guanzhong’s political,economic and cultural undertakings.