刑法上的自由意志与自由意志中的AI——基于现代泛心论的分析视角

The Debate between Free Will and the Qualification of AI Criminal Subject——From the Perspective of Modern Pan-Heart Theory

自由意志作为刑事责任的根基是AI刑事主体资格论争的关键要素,对其内涵的界定颇为重要,轻视或忽略对其论证均不利于学说的自洽。借鉴依靠量子力学再度兴盛的现代泛心论,合成物粒子含有自由意志属性。刑法上的自由意志包括自主选择能力与反省控制能力两项内容,自主选择能力与深度学习能力相对应,反省控制能力与理性能力不谋而合。未能自主创设算法的初级阶段的弱AI实体不具备上述要素,无法成为刑事主体;类人工智能实体具备相应程度的深度学习能力与理性能力,拥有刑法评价意义上的自由意志,具备成为刑事主体的关键要件。

As the foundation of criminal responsibility,free will is the key element of the debate on the subject qualification of AI criminal.It is very important to define its connotation,and it is not conducive to the self-consistency of the theory to despise or ignore the argument.Based on the modern pan center theory,which thrives on quantum mechanics again,synthetic particles have the property of free will.The free will in criminal law includes the ability of independent choice and the ability of introspection and control.The ability of independent choice corresponds to the ability of deep learning,and the ability of introspection and control coincides with the ability of perception.The weak AI entity in the primary stage that fails to independently create the algorithm does not have the above elements and cannot become the criminal subject;the AI like entity has the corresponding level of deep learning ability and rational ability,has the free will in the sense of criminal law evaluation,and has the key elements to become the criminal subject.