黄河口滨海湿地水文连通对大型底栖动物生物连通的影响

Influence of hydrological connectivity of coastal wetland on the biological connectivity of macrobenthos in the Yellow River Estuary

滨海湿地处于海陆的交错地带,在人类活动和气候变化的双重作用下导致湿地水文连通受阻。选取黄河口滨海湿地三条水文连通强度差异明显的潮沟,调查不同潮沟的大型底栖动物群落,分析水文连通强度对大型底栖动物分布和生物多样性的影响。结果表明:记录到的大型底栖动物共有52种,优势类群为多毛类和软体动物;总体来看随着水文连通强度的增强,大型底栖动物的总密度呈上升趋势;中等水文连通强度的区域,生物多样性较高;大型底栖动物不同类群的数量和分布对水文连通引起的环境因子变化的响应也有很大的差异,多毛类和寡毛类在水文连通弱的区域占优势,软体动物在水文连通较强营养物质含量丰富的区域占优势,甲壳类在靠近潮沟源头水文连通最强的区域占优势。

Coastal wetland is the transitional area between land and sea,with high habitat complexity,species biodiversity and ecological service functions.However,due to the influence of human activity and climate change,the areas of the wetlands are gradually reduced,and the structure and functions of wetlands such as hydrological connectivity are greatly influenced.In the present work,we selected three typical tidal channels with obvious differences in hydrological connectivity,investigated the macrobenthos community between different tidal channels and analyzed the influence of longitudinal hydrological connectivity on the distribution and diversity(density,biomass and biodiversity)of macrobenthos.A total of 52 species were documented,and the numerically abundant taxonomic groups were Polychaeta and Mollusca;Overall,with the increase of hydrological connectivity,the total density of macrobenthos showed an upward trend;the areas with moderate hydrological connectivity tended to have a higher biodiversity;different groups of macrobenthos showed different density and distribution responding to environmental factors caused by hydrological connectivity;Polychaeta and Oligochaeta were dominant in areas with low hydrological connectivity and Mollusca were dominant in areas with high hydrological connectivity and abundant nutrients;Crustacea were dominant in areas close to the channel source with the highest hydrological connectivity.This study is helpful to understand the mechanism of wetlands hydrological connectivity on biological connectivity,and provide an important reference for the protection and restoration of coastal wetlands.