美学：从“感性认识的完善”到“感性生活的完善”——感性的历史与当代美学合法性的建构

Aesthetics: from “Perfection of Perceptual Knowledge” to “Perfection of Perceptual Life”——The Construction of Perceptual History and Contemporary Aesthetic Legitimacy

自美学学科创立至今,短短200多年的时间,它的研究重心就经历了从感性认识到审美判断力,再到审美人类学、艺术哲学、生存美学,直到当代兴起的审美文化研究等的转变。研究重心和研究主题的不断变化使美学研究的合法性受到质疑。但是,美学研究重心看似多变,实际上始终贯穿着“感性的完善性”原则,即美学研究的历史可以归结为从感性认识的完善,到感性生存的完善、感性形式的完善,再到当代的感性生活的完善。可以说,追求“感性”的“完善性”是确立美学学科合法性的依据,也是美学自身不断发展的动力和目标。

Since its founding,the focus of aesthetic study has been shifting from perceptual knowledge to aesthetic judgment,and then to aesthetic anthropology,art philosophy,survival aesthetics and then to the rise of contemporary aesthetic culture within a short period of more than 200 years.Such a frequent shift in research focus and theme has led to the doubt of its legitimacy.However,the principle of“perceptual perfection”runs through the seemingly changeable focus of aesthetic research,that is,the history of aesthetic research can be summed up as the perfection of perceptual knowledge,perceptual existence,perceptual form,and contemporary perceptual life.It can be said that the pursuit of“perfection”of“sensibility”is not only the basis for establishing the legitimacy of aesthetic discipline,but also the driving force and goal of the continuous development of aesthetics itself.