民族地区反贫困70年的实践与启示——基于民族交往交流交融视角

The Practice and Implication of 70 Years’ Anti-poverty Projects in Ethnic Minority Areas:From the Perspective of Ethnic Communication and Exchange

1949年中华人民共和国成立以来,特别是改革开放以来,针对民族地区贫困的状况及特征,在中央统筹部署和各地各级党委政府的共同努力下,在社会各界的帮扶、支持下,民族地区实施了多项扶贫工程,反贫困工作取得了显著的成效。从民族交流、交往、交融的视角看,民族地区反贫困工作中的国家政策扶持以及定点扶贫、东西协作、对口扶贫等社会扶贫工作都达到了预期目的,并积累了许多宝贵经验,为未来民族地区进一步开展反贫困工作,尤其是新形势下补上民族地区与发达地区的发展差距,解决发展不平衡不充分问题,进一步支持民族地区发展,提供了重要启示。当然,在迄今为止的民族地区农村反贫困实践中,仍然存在一些需要研究解决的问题。今后,必须充分调动贫困民族地区主体的自主意识和能动性,通过"造血"的方式引导贫困民族地区主体形成"内发型"动力,形成支撑其长期发展的自生能力,来保障该地区的持续性发展,实现长期有效的减贫。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, especially as the reform and opening up, the central authorities have carried out the overall planning against poverty. Meanwhile, with the joint efforts of local party committees and governments at all levels and all walks of life in society, a number of poverty alleviation projects based on respective poverty conditions and characteristics in the ethnic minority areas have been sufficiently implemented, remarkable results have been achieved in our anti-poverty work. From the aspects of ethnic communication, exchange and integration, the supportive polices, the east-west cooperation and the targeted poverty alleviation etc have attained our end. Moreover, valuable practical experience and implications have been gained to further carry out the anti-poverty work and cope with the distinctive and unbalanced development in those areas in the New Era. Indeed, there are still some problems needed to be solved during the practice of the rural anti-poverty so far. Therefore, we must nurture people’s independent spirits and initiative in the poor ethnic areas, guide them to explore their endogenous advantages in the future and form their sustainable development so as to ensure effective poverty reduction with the long-term prosperity.