“四普”以来民族地区家庭变迁与家庭政策研究

Research on Family Changes and Family Policy Improvement in Ethnic Areas Since 1990

文章根据1990年-2010年三次全国人口普查及2015年全国1%人口抽样调查分县数据进行分析,认为民族地区总体呈现家庭规模缩小、结构简化、婚育年龄推迟、多民族混合家庭比例增加、老龄化程度加重等趋势,但不同区域存在显著差异。由于家庭变迁,民族地区空巢家庭养老、留守儿童教育、家庭脆弱性贫困、男性婚姻挤压、非传统家庭导致文化冲突等社会问题逐渐显现,需要根据不同地区的特点完善和创新家庭政策。于此作者建议民族地区应尊重家庭多元化趋势,通过重塑家庭价值与功能,分类制定精准支持方案,完善社区公共服务体系等措施,构建民族地区发展型家庭政策体系。

Based on the data from the three national censuses from 1990 to 2010 and the national 1% population sample survey in 2015, the paper concludes that the ethnic minority areas are generally reduced in size, simplified in structure, delayed in marriage and childbearing, and increased in the proportion of multi-ethnic mixed families. The trend of aging is increasing, but there are significant differences in different regions. Due to family changes, social problems such as empty nest family pension, left-behind children’s education, family fragility poverty, male marriage squeeze, and non-traditional family-induced cultural conflicts have gradually emerged. It is necessary to improve and innovate family policies according to the characteristics of different regions. This paper suggests that ethnic areas should respect the development trend of family diversification, reshape family values and functions, clarify policy objects and goals, and build a developmental family policy;rely on big data analysis platform to classify and develop precise support measures;continuously improve public service system and promote Family community governance.