小型履带自走式电动多功能作业平台的设计及试验

Design and test of the small size crawler-type self-propelled electric multifunctional operation platform

针对传统小型拖拉机(功率低于10 kW)采用内燃机轮式驱动,排放污染大、环境适应性较差、作业功能单一等问题,研制了一款履带自走式电动多功能作业平台,通过搭载旋耕和起垄机具完成田间作业。平台主要由电机、电池箱、变速箱、履带底盘、座椅、悬挂机构、操纵机构、PTO输出等组成;电动机输出轴将动力传递到变速箱输入轴,调节变速箱档位,改变平台前进速度,作业过程电机保持恒速运转,使PTO(动力输出装置)转速恒定,保证平台平稳作业。主要对传动系统、动力参数、履带行走机构进行了设计。确定电机型号XQ-7.5-6,额定功率7.5 kW,功率储备系数20%;传动系统包含3个前进档和1个倒退档;履带宽度230 mm,节距72 mm,轨距650 mm。旋耕及起垄试验结果表明:旋耕平均耕宽86.4 cm,平均耕深16.9 cm;起垄平均垄顶宽42.4 cm,平均垄底宽82.7 cm,平均垄高26.8 cm;作业过程中,电机转速在平均转速的7%~10%波动,平台运行平稳,动力输出均匀;选择功率储备系数20%,能够满足小型拖拉机旋耕、起垄作业需求。

We have developed a crawler-type self-propelled electric multifunctional platform to solve the problems of traditional small tractor(power<10 kW)as followed:unreasonable selection of kinetic parameter,machinery emission,poor environmental adaptability of wheel drive,single platform function.The platform mainly consists of motor,battery box,gearbox,crawler chassis,seat,linkage,control mechanism,and PTO output.The output shaft of the motor transfers power to the input shaft of the gearbox.During working,the forward speed of the platform are adjusted by changing the gear of the gearbox,and the motor maintains a constant speed operation to keep the speed of the power take off constant and ensure the stable operation of the platform.We have designed the transmission system,power parameters and crawler mechanism.The parameters are determined as followed:the motor model of XQ-7.5-6 with the rated power of 7.5 kW and the power reserve coefficient of 20%;the transmission system includes 3 forward gears and 1 reverse gear;the crawler with the width of 230 mm,the pitch of 72 mm,and the track gauge of 650 mm.Rotary tillage and ridging test results showed that the average tillage width was 86.4 cm with the average tillage depth of 16.9 cm,and the average width of ridge top is 42.4 cm with the average width of ridge bottom being 82.7 cm and the average ridge height of 26.8 cm.The motor speed fluctuates within the range of 7%-10%of the average speed,and the platform operates stably and the power output is even.The motor and reserve power coefficient of 20%meets the rotary farming and ridging operation requirements of small tractors.