战时统制经济与政商冲突——以20世纪30年代湖南省锑业为中心

The Economy Controlled Policy and the Conflict between Government and Merchant in Wartime:A Case Study on the Antimony Industry in Hunan Province in 1930s

南京国民政府的统制经济政策是国际、国内局势共同作用的结果。备战抗日为南京国民政府推动统制政策提供了合法性,南京国民政府也试图借此将经济统一、军事统一与政治统一结合起来。湖南是全球最主要的锑品生产基地,作为战略物资的锑矿是南京国民政府较早实施统制政策的产业部门。第一次世界大战以后,国际锑价长期低迷,湖南锑商主持成立了统筹生产的联合组织,试图借此维持锑价。南京国民政府通过统制政策控制锑矿的计划遭到了湖南锑商的联合反对,经过多轮博弈,统制政策最终得以确立和推行。锑业统制为反法西斯战争做出了一定的贡献,对锑业的长远发展以及中央与地方社会的整合具有重要作用。

The Nanjing National Government’s economy controlled policy was the result of the common function of the international and domestic situation.The preparation for anti-Japanese war provided legitimacy for Government to carry out the Policy.It tried to combine the unity of economy with the unity of military and politics.Hunan province was the most important base of antimony production,and as a strategic material,the antimony industry was earlier to be aimed at carrying out the controlled policy.The plan of the Nanjing National Government to control the antimony was jointly opposed by the merchants of antimony industry in Hunan.After several times,this policy was finally established and implemented in antimony industry.It had made a certain contribution to the anti-fascist war and played an important role in the long-term development of antimony industry and the integration of central government with local society.