湿地农业开发的历史回顾与湿地保护对策

A Review of the History of Agricultural Development in Wetland and Strategies for Wetland Conservation

为了合理开发利用和保护湿地资源,促进湿地农业的可持续发展,阐述湿地形成与自然变迁的一般过程,回顾湿地农业开发的成就和成功经验,分析湿地农业发展的教训。湿地农业的发展满足人类社会发展的物质需要,扩大农业湿地,改善或增强湿地有关生态功能,提高湿地产出。湿地农业过度发展,改变原有水文环境,影响湖泊蓄水量,造成局部严重水灾,损害水生生物资源。当代工业化、城市化和生活方式转变,带来湿地衰减和环境污染。最后提出普及湿地知识,认识湿地价值;实行全面保护,突出重点保护;明确保护内容,建立保护制度;实施生态修复,建立生态补偿;保护利用并重,合理利用湿地5项湿地保护与利用的综合对策。

In order to reasonably exploit and protect wetland resources and to promote sustainable development of wetland agriculture,this paper expounds the general process of wetland formation and natural changes,reviews the history and successful experience of wetland agriculture development,and analyses the lessons of wetland agriculture development.The development of wetland agriculture meets the material needs of human social development,expands agricultural wetlands,improves or enhances the ecological functions of wetlands and improves the output of wetlands.It was pointed out that the excessive development of wetland agriculture has changed the original hydrological environment,affected the water storage capacity of lakes,caused local serious floods and damaged aquatic biological resources.Contemporary industrialization,urbanization and lifestyle changes have brought wetland decay and environmental pollution.Finally,five comprehensive strategies for wetland protection and utilization,including dissemination of wetland knowledge and recognition of wetland values,implementation ofcomplete protection with highlights,definition of protection content and establishment of protection system,implementation of ecological restoration and establishment of ecological compensation,equal attention to protection and utilization,and rational utilization of wetlands,were proposed.