济宁城镇与农村高危压疮对象对压疮防护认知现状及应对心态的调查

Investigation on prevention cognition current status of pressure ulcer and coping attitude of patients with high-risk pressure ulcers in urban area and rural area of Jining

目的:调查济宁城镇与农村高危压疮对象对压疮防护认知现状及应对心态。方法:2016年9月至2018年1月于济宁11个县市区随机选取10个农村村子和城镇社区,将其中319例压疮高危人群作为研究对象,均进行压疮防护知识问卷和应对方式问卷,比较城镇与农村高危压疮人群对压疮防护知识了解情况及应对心态。结果:城镇高危压疮对象高中及以上学历比率(χ^2=74.142,P<0.05)和家庭月收入>4000元比率(χ^2=18.897,P<0.05)均高于农村。城镇高危压疮对象对压疮概念(t=7.611,P<0.05)、发生原因(t=7.150,P<0.05)、好发部位(t=5.909,P<0.05)、影响因素(t=4.346,P<0.05)、评估情况(t=6.112,P<0.05)、预防措施(t=7.370,P<0.05)、治疗护理(t=4.428,P<0.05)及总体认知评分(t=14.814,P<0.05)均高于农村。城镇高危压疮对象应对合理化(t=4.983,P<0.05)、求助(t=5.420,P<0.05)、解决问题(t=4.488,P<0.05)评分高于农村,退避(t=3.247,P<0.05)、自责(t=4.180,P<0.05)和幻想(t=5.336,P<0.05)评分低于农村。结论:济宁城镇高危压疮对象对压疮防护认知现状和积极应对心态均优于农村,但城镇与农村对压疮防护认知均有待提高,可通过电视媒体、发放宣传手册、开展讲座等方式提高高危压疮对象对压疮防护认知,并引导其以正面积极的心态应对。

Objective:To investigate the prevention cognition current status of pressure ulcer and coping attitude among patient with high-risk pressure ulcers in Jining urban and rural areas.Methods:A total of 10 rural villages and urban communities were selected randomly in 11 counties and cities in Jining from September 2016 to January 2018.Among them,319 patients with high-risk pressure ulcers were selected as research objects,and they were given pressure ulcer prevention knowledge questionnaires and coping style questionnaires.The mastery of pressure ulcer prevention knowledge and the coping attitude were compared between the urban and rural patients with high-risk pressure ulcers.Results:The ratios of education background no less than high school and family monthly income>4,000 yuan in urban patients with high-risk pressure ulcers were higher than those in rural patients(χ2=74.142,18.897;P<0.05).The pressure ulcer concept,causes,predilection sites,influencing factors,assessment,preventive measures,treatment nursing and overall cognition in urban patients with high-risk pressure ulcers were higher than those in rural patients(t=7.611,7.150,5.909,4.346,6.112,7.370,4.428,14.814;P<0.05).The scores of response rationalization,seeking help and solving problems in urban patients with high-risk pressure ulcers were higher than those in rural patients(t=4.983,5.420,4.488;P<0.05),and the scores of withdrawal,self-reproach and illusion were lower than those in rural patients(t=3.247,4.180,5.336;P<0.05).Conclusion:Urban patients with high-risk pressure ulcers in Jining have better prevention cognition current status of pressure ulcer and more positive coping attitude than rural patients.However,the prevention cognition of pressure ulcer in urban and rural areas needs to be improved.Through television media,distribution of brochures and lectures,patients with high-risk pressure ulcers can improve prevention cognition of pressure ulcer and can be guided to have positive coping attitude.