美国长臂管辖下受制裁中资企业的特征研究

The Features of Chinese Enterprises Imposed by Financial Sanctions under U.S. Long Arm Jurisdiction

近年来,金融制裁越来越成为美国实施长臂管辖的常规手段,一些中资企业也因此受到冲击,影响我国企业海外经营甚至产业安全。本文在阐述美国金融制裁运作体系和分析财政部海外资产控制办公室金融制裁名单的基础上,总结了名单上中资企业的特点,并探索企业的反制裁举措。研究发现受制裁中资企业具有受制裁原因单一、区位和行业分布集中、规模小和业务单一的特征;建议企业和政府采取多元形式克服长臂管辖:企业层面要密切关注国际事务,积极防范金融制裁,同时重视企业信息保护,寻找多元化合作对象;政府层面,加强国际合作维护多边主义,形成反对单边强制金融制裁的国际共识,推动伊朗核问题和朝鲜核问题的解决;同时为人民币国际化创造条件、加强跨境支付系统的建设;设置专职机构将反制裁上升到维护国家安全的战略高度。

In recent years,financial sanctions have become the conventional approaches of U.S.long arm jurisdiction.Some Chinese enterprises suffered from them,which may influence their overseas business and even the Chinese industrial safety.On the basis of explaining and summarizing the operation system of financial sanctions in the United States and the list of financial sanctions in the Office of Foreign Asset Control of the Treasury,this paper summarizes the features of Chinese enterprises on the list and explores their anti-sanctions actions.The result shows that sanctions imposed on Chinese-funded enterprises features single reason,geographical and industrial concentration,small scale and single business.The paper proposes that multiple measures can be taken to overcome long arm jurisdiction:the enterprises should pay close attention to international affairs and actively avoid financial sanctions,while keeping eyes on the protection of enterprise information and diversify cooperation partners.The government should strengthen international cooperation to safeguard multilateralism,develop an international consensus against unilateral compulsory financial sanctions,promote the resolution of the Iranian nuclear issue and the Korean nuclear issue,and create conditions for the RMB internationalization,strengthen the construction of cross-border payment system and set up specific institutions to raise the anti-sanctions to the strategic level of safeguarding national security.