中美排污许可证制度比较及对策研究

A Comparison of Sino-US Pollution Discharge Permit System and Countermeasures

排污许可证制度是国际通行的一项环境管理基本制度,作为污染控制的支柱,在美国等发达国家都已经有了良好的实践。中国排污许可证制度处于不断改革阶段,需要借鉴美国等国的先进经验。系统梳理了美国排污许可证制度的法律法规、标准与控制技术和中国排污许可证制度的实施进展、实施机制和最佳可行技术管理体系。重点比较了中美两国排污许可制度的异同点,分析出中国在排污许可证证后监管、公众参与制度、相关环境管理制度的衔接和可行技术体系方面存在不足。针对存在的问题,为完善排污许可证制度提供一些建议。

Pollutant discharge permit system is a basic environmental management system in the world.As the pillar of pollution control law,it has been well practiced in the United States and other developed countries.China's pollution discharge permit system is in the stage of continuous reform,so we need to learn from the advanced experience of the United States and other countries.This paper systematically reviews the laws and regulations,standards and control technologies of the US pollutant discharge permit system and the implementation progress,implementation mechanism and the best feasible technology management system of China's pollutant discharge permit system by comparing the similarities and differences between the sewage permit system in China and the United States,and analyzes the shortcomings of China's sewage permit in some aspects,such as post-certification supervision,public participation system,the connection of relevant environmental management systems and feasible technical systems.At the same time,aiming at the existing problems,this paper provides some suggestions for improving the pollution discharge permit system.