滴鼻免疫疫苗对SPF鸡气管功能影响的研究

Study on the Effect of Nasal Drip Immunization on the Trachea Function of SPF Chicken

为研究疫苗滴鼻免疫对鸡气管功能的影响,本研究对SPF鸡滴鼻免疫新城疫疫苗后气管纤毛摆动速率、气管形态结构和黏液分泌进行了研究。80只7日龄SPF鸡随机分为对照组和试验组,每组40只,试验组SPF鸡滴鼻免疫新城疫弱毒疫苗,对照组滴鼻生理盐水;于免疫后的第0、2、4和6天,每组每次随机剖杀10只鸡,应用红细胞示踪法测定气管纤毛摆动速率,采集气管制备石蜡组织切片进行HE和奥新蓝pH 2.5和pH 1.0染色。结果发现,疫苗免疫后的第0和2天试验组SPF鸡纤毛摆动速率较对照组升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);滴鼻免疫后SPF鸡气管结构完整,无明显损伤;滴鼻免疫后试验组SPF鸡气管酸性黏液分布容积在免疫后的第0和2天显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而后明显降低,于免疫后的第6天又有所升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);硫酸化黏液分布容积在免疫后的第0和2天显著升高(P<0.05),而后降低并与对照组相一致。结果表明,新城疫疫苗滴鼻免疫后前两天SPF鸡气管黏液分泌增多,而后恢复到正常水平,疫苗的免疫对气管形态结构和纤毛的摆动速率无明显影响。

In order to study the effect of nasal drip immunization on tracheal function of chickens,tracheal cilia swing rate,tracheal morphology and mucus secretion after nasal drip immunization with Newcastle disease vaccine in SPF chickens were studied.Eighty 7-day-old SPF chickens were randomly divided into control group and test group,40 chickens in each group.The test group received nasal immunization with attenuated Newcastle disease vaccine and the control group received nasal saline.At 0,2,4 and 6 days post immunization,10 chickens were killed randomly in each group.Tracheal cilia swing rate was measured by red blood cell tracer method.Paraffin tissue sections were collected from trachea for HE and Alcian Blue pH 2.5 and pH 1.0 staining.The results showed that the cilia swing rate of SPF chickens in test group was higher than that in control group at 0 and 2 d post immunization,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).After nasal drip immunization,the trachea structure of SPF chickens was intact without obvious damage.After nasal drip immunization,the distribution volume of acid mucus in trachea of SPF chickens in test group was significantly higher than that of control group at 0 and 2 d post immunization(P<0.05),then decreased significantly,and increased at 6 d post immunization,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The distribution volume of sulfated mucus increased significantly at 0 and 2 d post immunization(P<0.05),and then decreased in accordance with the control group.The results showed that the tracheal mucus secretion of SPF chickens increased in two days after nasal drip immunization,and then returned to normal level.There was no significant effect of immunization on tracheal morphology and cilia swing rate.