医务人员血源性职业暴露的风险及防控临床效果评价

Risk of Blood-borne Occupational Exposure of Medical Staff and Evaluation of Clinical Effect of Prevention and Control

目的研究医务人员血源性职业暴露的风险及防控临床效果。方法调查2017年期间医务人员的血源性职业暴露发生情况,并分析相关暴露风险因素,于2018年期间实施针对性的防控措施。观察血源性职业暴露的发生情况,将干预前(2017年1-12月)、干预后(2018年1-12月)的职业暴露处理情况进行比对。结果血源性职业暴露主要发生在20~30岁年龄段、女性、护士和实习生中,职业暴露高危场所、高危方式分别为内科病房、外科病房以及锐器伤,职业暴露高危环节为拔针、注射、处理针头以及清理废物;干预后医务人员的职业暴露处理情况优于干预前,P<0.05。结论明确医务人员血源性职业暴露的风险并予以相应的防控措施,可提高职业暴露后正确处理率,有助于职业暴露发生率的降低。

Objective To study the risk of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff and its clinical effect of prevention and control.Methods To investigate the occurrence of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff during 2017,and analyze the risk factors of exposure.Targeted prevention and control measures were implemented during 2018.To observe the occurrence of blood-borne occupational exposure and compare the treatment of occupational exposure before intervention(January-December 2017)and after intervention(JanuaryDecember 2018).Results Occupational exposure mainly occurred in 20~30 years old,female,nurses and interns.The high-risk places and ways of occupational exposure were internal medicine ward,surgical ward and sharp instrument injury.The high-risk links of occupational exposure were needle extraction,injection,needle treatment and waste cleaning.The treatment of occupational exposure of medical staff after intervention was better than that before intervention,P<0.05.Conclusion To clarify the risk of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff and take corresponding preventive and control measures can improve the correct handling rate after occupational exposure and help to reduce the incidence of occupational exposure.