个体异质性、社会资本与合作类型——基于标准实验和工人田野实验的证据

Individual Heterogeneity,Social Capital and Types of Social Preferences:A Study Based on Lab vs.Artefactual Field Experiments

本文利用较大规模的标准实验和工人田野实验,研究了合作类型的个体及人群异质性,以及社会资本对合作类型的影响。实验发现,虽然条件合作具有普遍性,但在学生样本中搭便车型的比例显著更高,而在工人被试中高度合作型的比例更大。采用mlogit模型进一步分析发现,社会资本的一般信任和社会网络维度对合作类型分布的影响在学生和工人群体间具有异质性。高信任使得工人更可能成为一个搭便车者或高度合作者,而非条件合作者,紧密社会网络使得工人更可能成为一个高度合作者,但两者对学生整体合作偏好的影响不显著。本文为基于人群异质性的政策制定和通过一般信任与社会网络来助推社会合作提供了行为实验证据。

Using a large-scale standard student experiment and a worker field experiment,this paper studies the individual and population heterogeneity of social preference types,as well as the influence of social capital.Although conditional cooperators are prevalent,more free riders are observed in student sample while more unconditional cooperators are documented in worker sample.Further mlogit regressions show the influence of social capital(including general trust and social network)is limited to worker subjects.Workers with higher trust are more likely to be free riders or unconditional cooperators rather than conditional cooperators,and workers with strong social network are more likely to be unconditional cooperators.However,we can not find significant effects in student sample.Our experimental evidence suggests that policy-maker should take population heterogeneity into consideration and social cooperation can be enhanced through promoting general trust and social network.