钽材的医学应用及生物相容性机制

Biomedical applications of tantalum-based materials and the underlying mechanisms

钽金属以其极佳的耐腐蚀性、延展性、生物相容性和骨整合性而在医学领域有广泛应用。回顾了钽材在治疗股骨头坏死、关节置换与翻修、骨缺损修复等领域的临床应用现状,并从其耐腐蚀性、表面氧化物成分、力学性能及多孔结构等材料特征与体内环境相互作用的角度对钽的医学应用机制,尤其是临床应用效果不佳甚至失败的机制进行了分析和讨论。在此基础之上,对钽材的个性化假体应用及钽材生物相容性机制研究方向进行了展望。对于更深入地开展钽材生物相容性机制研究,设计并制造新型钽植入物有良好的指导作用。

Tantalum has long been employed in biomedical fields due to its excellent corrosion resistance, ductility, biocompatibility and osteointegrity. In this paper, the various applications of tantalum in treatment of femoral head necrosis, joint prosthesis, repair of bone defects, etc, were first reviewed and then the underlying mechanisms by which the corrosion resistance, chemical compositions of surface oxides, mechanical properties and pore structures of tantalum contribute to the applications, especially to the failures of clinical applications were analyzed and discussed. At last, the future applications of tantalum in personalized therapies and the potential breakthrough point for biocompatibility mechanism were proposed. We believe that this review would inspire a more thorough and comprehensive understanding on the biocompatibility of tantalum and thus promote the design and fabrication of novel tantalum implants for clinical applications.